Browse CFA Level 1

Chapter 3: Swaps

In this section

  • Swaps as a Series of Forward Contracts
    Explore how plain vanilla interest rate swaps can be viewed as a strip of forward contracts, including valuation, net settlement, credit risk mitigation, and forward start swaps.
  • Interest Rate Swaps
    Explore the mechanics, valuation, and applications of plain vanilla and other interest rate swaps, including hedging strategies, market conventions, and the LIBOR transition.
  • Currency Swaps
    Explore the fundamentals and applications of currency swaps, including their structure, valuation, and practical uses for hedging and risk management in cross-border transactions.
  • Equity and Commodity Swaps
    A comprehensive overview of how equity and commodity swaps are structured, how they function, and why they are used in modern financial markets.
  • Valuation of Swaps at Initiation and During the Contract
    Learn how to evaluate interest rate, currency, and commodity swaps at inception when their fair value is zero, and discover practical approaches to marking them to market during their lifespan.
  • Swap Termination and Novation
    Learn how swaps can be terminated, transferred, or offset before maturity, with a focus on negotiation, market value implications, and the novation process.
  • Interest Rate Caps, Floors, and Swaptions
    Explore how interest rate caps, floors, and swaptions shape interest rate risk management, from basic payoffs to advanced portfolio applications for CFA Level III candidates.
  • Freight and Commodity Swaps
    Explore how freight and commodity swaps help firms manage shipping rate volatility and commodity price risk, examining key structures, market participants, valuation approaches, and real-world hedging strategies.
  • Asset Swaps and Applications
    In-depth exploration of asset swaps, their mechanics, and practical applications in fixed income portfolio management.
  • Weather and Catastrophe Swaps
    Learn how weather and catastrophe swaps function as vital risk management tools for industries exposed to climate-related events, exploring triggers, contract structures, pricing, valuation, and real-world applications.
  • Political Risk Swaps
    Dive into the structure, valuation, and practical applications of political risk swaps, and explore how they offer protection against unexpected sovereign or geopolitical events.
  • Inflation Swaps
    Explore the mechanics, valuation methods, practical applications, and risk considerations of inflation swaps in modern financial markets.
  • Intra-Curve and Inter-Curve Swap Spreads
    Explore how intra-curve and inter-curve swap spreads arise, why they matter, and how traders use them in yield curve strategies.
  • Multi-Lateral Swap Compression Techniques
    Explore how multi-lateral swap compression eliminates offsetting positions, reduces capital requirements, and streamlines operational processes within the modern swaps market.
  • Forward Start and Accreting Swaps
    Discover how forward start swaps and accreting swaps help manage future interest rate exposures and growing notional requirements in evolving market landscapes.
  • Futurization of Swaps and Swap Futures
    Learn how traditional OTC swaps are transformed into exchange-traded swap futures, improving transparency, reducing counterparty risk, and simplifying margin requirements.
  • Funded vs. Unfunded Swap Structures
    Explore key differences, mechanics, and real-world applications of funded and unfunded swap structures in modern derivatives markets.
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